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In Catholic canon law, a particular Church ((ラテン語:ecclesia particularis)) is an ecclesiastical community headed by a bishop or someone recognised as the equivalent of a bishop. There are two kinds of particular Churches: * Local particular Churches . A diocese is the most familiar form of such local particular Churches, but there are other forms, including that of a territorial abbacy, an apostolic vicariate and an apostolic prefecture: * Autonomous particular Churches, also known as "''sui iuris'' Churches". These are aggregations of local particular Churches that share a specific liturgical, theological and canonical tradition. They have also been called "particular Churches or rites".〔(''Orientalium Ecclesiarum'', 2 )〕 The largest such autonomous particular Church is the Latin Church. The others are referred to collectively as the Eastern Catholic Churches. The larger Eastern Catholic Churches are headed by a bishop who has the title and rank of patriarch or major archbishop. ==Autonomous particular Churches== There are 24 such autonomous Churches; one "Western" and 23 "Eastern", a distinction by now more historical than geographical. The term ''sui iuris'' means, literally, "of their own law", or self-governing. Although all of the particular Churches espouse the same beliefs and faith, their distinction lies in their varied expression of that faith through their traditions, disciplines, and Canon law. All 24 are in communion with the Holy See. For this kind of "particular Church" the 1983 ''Code of Canon Law'' uses the unambiguous phrase "autonomous ritual Church" (in Latin ''Ecclesia ritualis sui iuris)''. The 1990 ''Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches'', which is instead concerned principally with what the Second Vatican Council called "particular Churches or rites", has shortened this phrase to "autonomous Church" (in Latin, ''Ecclesia sui iuris''), as in its canon 27: "A group of Christ’s faithful hierarchically linked in accordance with law and given express or tacit recognition by the supreme authority of the Church is in this Code called an autonomous Church." Communion between particular Churches has existed since the Apostles: "Among these manifold particular expressions of the saving presence of the one Church of Christ, there are to be found, from the times of the Apostles on, those entities which are in themselves ''Churches'', because, although they are particular, the universal Church becomes present in them with all its essential elements."〔(''Communionis Notio'', 7 ))〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「particular church」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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